Mattress for shore protection.



A. 0. CUNNINGHAM;

MATTRESS FOR SHORE PROTECTION. APPucAT|oN-F|LED JAM. 11, rms.

Lm. mgm@ Aug 13, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

ww. @awww A. O. CUNNINGHAM.

MATTRESS FOR SHORE PROTECTION. APPLICATION FILED IAN. I?, |916.

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Patented Auf. 13, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED sTaTns PATENT onirica.

annaaw o. ornamenten, erger; tours courrir, Missoula; MATTRESS ron snows raoTncTIoN.

Patented Aug. 13, 1918.

application. sie@ January 17, 191e. serial no. 72,416.

To all whom t may concer/n.:

4Be it known that I, ANDREW O. CUNNING- HAM, a citizeniof the United States, `and a resident of St. Louis colinty, Missouri, have invented a new and useful Improvement .in`

Mattresses for Shore Protection, of which the following is a speciiication. y i

This invention relates particularly to means for protecting the bottoms and banks of rivers `from the scour of the current;\but it is applicable toany shores which need protection from currents or wave action.

rllhe invention consists of a mattress compris- `ing a top layer `and a bottom layer `or. covering of webbing of wire meshA or other suitlable materials and illed with stones alone, or with brush and stones, and covered `witha layer of concretewhe're it is exposed above the low` water line ofthe river. It also consists in the character," form and arrangement of the materials of construction whereby they may bereadily assembled andplaced' in the river. What the invention consists in is more particularly set forth hereinafter and claimed in the appended claims.

In the drawings, wherein the same refer-` i ence characters designate like parts in the I several views, 2

Figure 1 is abirds-eye view of a riverV bank, showing amattress embodying` the`invention in position, thepupper layers being partly removed to disclose the lower layers; Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section of the `same on the line 2-2 at right angles to the bank;

Fig. 3 is a similar cross-section of a portion of the mattress at the `low wateriline, drawn to alarger scale;

Fig. 4 is a viewsimilar to 1 oa` modified form ofthe invention;

i Fig. 5: isa verticalcross-section of the construction shown in Fig. 4, on the line 5-5 in Fig. 4, at right angles to the bank;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical cross-section of a portion of the mattress'shown in Figs.

4and 5; and

Fig. `7 is a similar vertical cross-section of the upper edge of the construction shown in Figs. 4and 5, Figs. 6 and 7 being taken on the line 5-1-5 in Fig. 4. i

:.Figs.` 1 to 3 show1 a mattress arranged for i protecting the bottom and` shore of a stream l or other body of water, the bed and banks of which are subject to erosion. y i

`This mattress consists of a lower web 11 andan upper `web 12 of `woven wire, reticulated metal, or other material suitable for open-work, and a filling 13 of bundles of `brush or loose rock, or of both brush and upper web are arranged at right angles to the longitudinal `strands of those Sof the lower web.. At short intervals throughout the mattress the two webs are bound against the brushiand rock` with binders or ties 15, whicljextend through the mattress from web to we Below the` low water line enough brush is placed between the webs to give the mattress the desired thickness, and enough rock` is embedded, among the brush to properly sink the mattress, and to cause it to resten the bottom of the river. Above the low water line the mattress is lilled with rock only, and is thoroughly grouted with concrete, leaving a substantial thickness of solid concrete 16` `on top of the mattress.

`The portion of he mattress below the `low lwater line is assembled on abarge or barges `which are anchored in the streamover the `proposed location of the mattress. The.

'strips of webbing 11`in the bottom side of the mattress are wound on spools arranged side by sideon the barges, and are unwound and covered with` brushand stones as the work progresses. `The crosswise arranged top strips of webbing 12 are applied one or two at a time, and are tied to the strips 11 at `certain intervals. The mattress is assembled, beginning with its upstream edge, on

the decks of the barges, and asthe work progresses, the barges are dropped down stream` and the finished part of the mattress `is allowed to slide off the sides of the barge or barges into place on the bottom.`

All the `edges of the mattress are thoroughlylaced together, and a cable 17 is run around the upper and outer edges of the mattress `andsecured thereto.

r The mattress extends out on the bottom of the `river or other body of water as far as Awis 'necessary or `practicable,and its outer upper corner is anchored to the shore some distanceiuptthe streamfby means of a long cable 18. The mattress is sufficiently `flexible to enable` itto accommodate itself to irregularities in the bed of the stream, and-to-sink Y into holes seonredpont bytheeintrent..from

time to time and thereby stop fiirtherun-4 dermining. The shore pontioniofuthmat- .i

5 tress extends to the top of the'bank, and is Ianehoredyat its inner ornpper edge toldeadnien'l9 on the bank, or to'any other suitable anchorage, to retain theln-iafttressrinvplaoe. r-

'.[he mattress shown in Figs. t to 7 is simil 0 larl fini fits generalf-'orin-- and construction to @that slicfvnpinfEilg.` 3, Vand is especially- V'adaptf ed -for steep.-ba-nks.' f The lowery Web 21: `stops aboutV` tenefeetl above* the low .Water linegits 1 top edge n being laced to the upper-Web1'22- lf'lhe n -pper web isf earriedf tog -theixtop 'of the f --bankfY and-bent 'down into a trench 28 which f iselled yWith yconcrete7 thereby-:forming .an

anchor-2f for?` lthe lmattress.

i YThe portion lof the 1mattress below: the low 204 Waterlinieisnpilled with brush 24- and-stones --=-25,ll-tl1erebei1ng enough stones to 1 sink :the l mattress and holdiii-"downen the bed-iofg'the fo-thelnattressf-for f about' teneteetnbevefthe -lowwwaterAL fline illed f: with f stones'PQ.

, ljinderties 27 connect the tWo Websfatfrequent intervals-to.-'holdthemsecurely to-y 3 -I gether. AI layer off stones-'55285` is spreadeon thenpperwebbing y foralfew feet abovek and lfeonerete@ 29 is spreadworer thectopwoffthe in attress; from? the low-.'Wateri lineI tothefjtop fof theV bank. The lupper -Web '22 i is @thor- 1' on'ghlyembedded in theeonoretef29 and pro- 3 5 tet'edfrom Y corrosion.

The upper and -outerfedgesl of' thematrl `tress shown in-lligs.' 4 to Zaire-:bound to- ;fg'ether and attaehed f to a@ oablefBO, and 1- the "outer np stream oor-ner. To l the mattress 1is an- A-shownin lthefczlraW-ingsand described.l above.

-' l. 'A mattressfforshoie protection consistf-ingof alflexiblestream 1pjortion- 'eomposedg of lf! allower andan npperiwebof -open=work and a, fillinf'eoi-npf risingbrnshb etyveenflslaid; Webs,

5 5 saidlifebsbeing` held?A togetlieijat inter-Wals by les, kth'eshoe edges ff saidfrWebseXtend-- f sisting of. arlower andaanfnpperaveb of metal "ling" abovelthe low WaterI line and ibeingfsef cured ,to the"-bank,and aiifllingpffstones A.workand a filling comprising brush between said..webs,said Websibeing held together at intervals by ties', the" shore edges of Said rwebsg-extending' above the low water line and *being secured to the bank, the upper web being embedded in concrete above 1the loW water line, to form a reinforced concrete -lpafv'einenti.for'ithebank and to protect the bank portion of said mattress.

3. A mattress \for-shore `protectionY von sisting of -a lower. and `aniupper lweblofi openworkand-a' fillingcomprisings brush Abetween fsaidl xWebau-sai d' `Webs: 'being 'Sheldf i together' 1 i at intervals; :by ities; the'shore 1 edges otV aid .'Webs extending above' the low fwaterdine and being seeureditoY thebank, :the iWeb.' above 'the low-'Water `line beingr eoveredvover withV conf: crete ftoiprotect itf from rust andthe .part vbe- I \low': water :being flexible whereby J the. mat- =tress lean aecommodate1-4 itselffto f changes I in .f thebed.

14S Alinattres'sfor shore iprotection consistl'fingo' allower and Afan-#upperweb of 'open- Work' land alling y'comprising"stones 1- and rrbrush- :between 'sai'd Websg saidWebs 4being held-ytogether-'l at :intervals byI ties, the shore fedge's- Ioli-fone o said #Websfextendinga above fther-low--Water lines andvbeingy embedded 1 in eonerete r to :proteeti it and jto'f form afsolid .=-prote':tive-V covering for =therba3nk, fand fthe portion below-'f Water 1 forming fr yieldable -protectionffortheIbed.

` '5J Agmattressf :torshore"protectionl comprising stripslofy Webbingfo lmetalr extendin Si from'fthe upper f edge to the-'flower =edge o 'i the mattress J'and secured to f the fbank jalong their ripper ends and a llingfbetWeen-'said Webs eomprisingbrushland stones below low -`AWater.,l land T*stones f abovef? low Water; i fsaid #strips-fof Webbi-ng=being\embeddedin=fcon erete fabovethe Llovw lWater line tto 'form a .rigid slab"pavenrent, and; looselyconnected below Lthei loWfWaterA linevto L form a flexible mattress.

f 6. A mattress-for `)shore'-proteetionfcomsprising-f strips/of Awebbing'e'Xte'riding from the upper edgeY totthe'rloWer Efedge' fofthe mattress and, embedded in arconerete'anehor Wall alongtheir npperendsysa-id webs'being 1eoveredeyvith'eener-'ete' labove theK `loW- 'Water line toV f protect; them landf :to :forni a"l rigid bank pavei-nentifand the -floWe1f portions of salidf Vstripsy being-flexible f to Jperinit .them to eeen torniv to Peli-anges-in fthe bottom.

7. A mattress for shore protection=co11 opemwo'rk; andia' filling" :comprising lstones :and Ibrush between. said Webs, :saidi-websi being held together .atiintervals'fby' tiespone H offsaid'Websfextendingabove the 10W 'Water ff line i and lbeing :enibeddedlin Ieonoreterto rform -a.-shore pavementpthe upper `edge of said Web beingtnrnedf downlinto a1 trench and embeddedin: concrete to forman anchor. Vt8; The' method'l off pr'oteetinp; rbanksuand shores which comprises placing sheets of webbing along the bank, extending down the bank and onto a barge, placing stones on said webbing from the shore edge thereof to the edge of the stream, placing stones and brush on the remaining portion of said webbing, covering the whole with a top layer of metal webbing, tying said webbing and top layer together to form a strong flexible mattress, anchoring the shore edge of said mattress to the bank, and dropping the barge downstream, thereby allowing said mattress to drop from the barge into the stream in position to protect the bank and bed from scour.

9. The method of protecting banks and shores which comprises placing sheets of webbing along the bank, extending down the bank and onto a barge, placing stones on said webbing Jfrom the shore edge thereof to the edge of the stream, placing stones and brush on the remaining portion of said webbing, covering the whole with a top layer of metal webbing, tying said webbing and top layer together to form a strong flexible mattress, covering the portion of the mattress above the low water line with concrete, anchoring the shore edge of said mattress to the bank, and dropping the barge downstream, thereby allowing said mattress to drop from the barge into position to protect the bank and bed from scour.

Signed at St. Louis, Missouri, this {ifteentli of January, 1916.

ANDREW O. CUNNINGHAM.

Ccpes of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents Washington, D. G. 

